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New York, February I2tli, 18 34* 


NEW YORK: 

WM, A. MERCEIN, PRINTER, 240 PEARL STREET, 


1834. 





<4 


At a meeting of the Colonization Society of the city of 
New York, held at their offiee, on Wednesday evening, 
February 12th, 1834, — the following persons were elected 
Officers for the current year : — 

President . 

WILLIAM A. DUER. 

ABRAHAM VAN NEST, 

GARDINER SPRING, D. D. 

JOHN W. HINTON, 

HUGH MAXWELL, 

JAMES MILNOR, D. D. 

NATHAN BANGS, D. D. 

IRA B. UNDERHILL, Recording Secretary . 

JOHN W. ML T LLIGAN, Corresponding Secretary . 

MOSES ALLEN, Treasurer . 


^ Vice Presidents. 


Managers. 


ANSON G. PHELPS, 

ISRAEL CORSE, 

JAMES DONALDSON, 

REV. JOHN P. DURBIN, 
HUBERT VAN WAGENEN, 
FRANCIS L. HAWKES, D. D. 
DAVID M. REESE, M. D. 
SAMUEL A. FOOT, 

SAMUEL C. AKERLY, M. D. 
REV. WILLIAM JACKSON, 
WILLIAM L. STONE, 

REV. CYRUS MASON, 

JAMES MONROE, 

SILAS BROWN, 

ANSON BLAKE, 


FRANCIS HALL, 

GABRIEL P. DIS0SWAY, 
HENRY V. GARRITSON, 
THOMAS BELL, 

JOHN R. DAVISON, 

HENRY S. RICHARDS, 
JAMES M. GOOLD, 

DANIEL LORD, JR. 

JOSIAH L. HALE, 

THOMAS DE WITT, D. D. 
WILLIAM W. CAMPBELL, 
JOHN WOODS RIDGE, D. D. 
AARON CLARK, 

THOMAS G. FLETCHER, 
THOMAS C. DOREMUS. 


I 


4 


At a subsequent meeting of the Board, which was fully 
attended, it was determined with great unanimity, to send 
a pioneer expedition to Africa in May, for the purpose of 
making the necessary arrangements for the immediate 
founding of the contemplated colony. For this purpose, Mr. 
Israel W. Searl, a graduate of Amherst College, was 
appointed to take charge of the^same, under the superintend- 
ence of the Rev. Mr. Spalding, who had been previously 
appointed principal agent of the Society in Africa. 

At the same meeting, Samuel A. Foot, Esq., from a 
committee previously appointed for the purpose of reporting 
the draft of an Address to the public on the subject of the 
affairs of the Parent Society at Washington, and the ope- 
rations of this Society both present and in prospect, made 
the following Report on those subjects, which w r as read, 
and unanimously adopted. 


ADDRESS. 

Jr/ e * 

The Colonization Society of the City of New York* 
consider it their duty at this time, to present to the public 
the views of the Society on the subject of the present con- 
dition and prospects of the American Colonization Society, 
and of the practicability of further efforts in favor of the 
cause of colonization. 

Apprehending that the annual meeting of the Parent 
Society, which was held at Washington in January last, 
would be an important one, and require the attendance 
and attention of the best friends of the cause, this Society 
appointed five delegates to attend the meeting, not only to 
aid in whatever investigations it might be necessary to 
make into past transactions, and assist in adopting measures 
for conducting future operations, but also to give, on their 
return, full and accurate information to this Society of the 
condition and prospects of the Parent Board. The dele- 
gates whom this Society appointed, were the Rev. Gardiner 
Spring, D. D., the Hon. Cornelius W. Lawrence, the Hon. 
James Strong, Silas Brown, Esquires, and the Agent of 
this Society, Robert S. Finley, Esquire. 

Messrs Spring, Brown, and Finley, having returned, this 
Society has received an authentic account of the annual 
meeting of the Parent Society, and of the developments 
made, and measures taken for the future, at that meeting, 
and will now proceed to present them to their fellow 
citizens. 

It is already known to the public, that the friends of 
colonization were deeply afflicted at the disclosures, which 
were made at Washington, of the inefficiency of the former 
management ot the American Colonization Society, and 


6 


of the heavy debt which had been incautiously, and, it is 
feared, in respect to a large portion of it, unnecessarily 
contracted by that Society. 

This Society, however, are willing to find an apology for 
this unhappy occurrence, in the wide extent of the duties 
of the officers and managers of the Parent Society, and in 
the peculiar and untried character of those duties. And 
when we revert to the history of the planting of colonies 
in this country, and reflect how many lives and fortunes 
were lost, and how many actual failures occurred, we have 
reason to rejoice, and thank the Ruler of all things, that in 
the new and arduous duty of planting a colony on the coast 
of Africa, the only mistake which has been made, is the 
inconsiderate contracting of a somewhat heavy debt. 

This occurrence, and the consequent embarrassment of 
the affairs of the American Colonization Society, may be 
traced, primarily , to the defectiveness of its original organi- 
zation, which was made when the extent and nature of its 
duties were not, and could not be known. 

The number of managers was unnecessarily large, being 
forty-five, including the Vice Presidents, who by the old 
constitution, were, ex-officio, members of the Board. — Not 
more than six or seven of the members usually attended 
the meetings of the Board to transact the business of the 
Society. And*at one time, one set of managers transacted the 
business, and at another time, another set. Hence, there 
was a want of uniformity and consistency in their opera- 
tions. 

Owing in part to the same cause, and in part to the 
manner in which they were elected, the members of the 
Board felt, and were under no direct responsibility to those 
who contributed principally to the funds of the Society. 
They were elected, not by delegates from the auxiliary 
Societies, but by members of the parent Society ; and 
every person was a member, who contributed one dollar 

annually to its fluids. 


7 


In consequence of these regulations, the friends of the 
cause, at a distance from Washington, neither took any 
part in the election of managers, nor inspected their pro- 
ceedings after they were elected. 

The elections, generally, were informally held at the 
annual meetings ; and usually resulted in continuing from 
year to year the same managers. The public never called 
for, nor received the result of an investigation into their 
proceedings ; and they consequently felt but little, if any, 
accountability. 

To substantially the same cause, viz : the defective or- 
ganization of the Board, and the consequent looseness in 
their mode of conducting business, may be traced the want 
of responsibility to the Board , of their agents ; especially 
those who resided in Africa. 

In addition to the causes of inefficient action already 
presented, it should also be stated, that the Treasurer of the 
Parent Society, was not a salaried officer, and of course, 
could not be expected to bestow the time, attention, and 
financial skill, which the fiscal concerns of the large and 
extensive operations, which the Society were conducting, 
imperiously required. He appears to have considered, and 
doubtless correctly, his duty performed, when he received 
and carefully kept all the money paid to him , and honestly 
disbursed it, in pursuance of the orders of the Board. 

When the operations of the Society, both in this coun- 
try and Africa, were on a limited scale, and the cause was 
blessed with agents in Africa, peculiarly qualified for their 
stations, its affairs were prosperous, and the imperfections 
of its organization did not disclose themselves. But when 
the business of the Society became extensive and intricate, 
and the immediate administration of the colony passed into 
teebler hands, the state of things began to manifest itself, 
which was fully developed at the late annual meeting. 

It appeared, that the excess of demands upon t and over 


s 


the income of the Society, for the last year, amounted to 
forty-one thousand dollars , and the Society was in arrears 
to that extent, at the close of the year. This was an un- 
expected and discouraging disclosure. But a little reflection, 
and an examination, and statement of the resources of the 
American Colonization Society, will convince its friends, 
that there is no reason for being disheartened. The mere 
amount of this sum, which is now a debt on the Society, 
sinks in importance, when we compare it with the means 
which the Society possesses for discharging it, and prose- 
cuting hereafter its sacred enterprise. 

The following items of its resources will show, that they 
are ample, not only for the prompt discharge of the debt ? 
but for the continuance of its future operations without 
material embarrassment. 

A legacy due from the estate of the late Mr. 

Ireland, New Orleans, - $10,000 

Do. from the estate of Mr. Burr, of Vermont, 

$5000, which, with interest from 1828, is estimated at 6000 
Do. of the late Dr. Aylet Hawes, of Virginia, - 2000 

Do. of the late Mrs. Muldrow, of Kentucky, 500 

Money in the Treasury of the Kentucky Coloni- 
zation Society, - 

Money raised by the friends of colonization in 
Albany, to send out temperance emigrants, 

Moneys in the Treasuries of the Auxiliary Socie- 
ties, estimated at - 

Subscription at the late annual meeting, 

Do since that time, - " 

Annual income from imposts on goods imported 

into the Colony, - " ~ . 

Annual and average income from donations in 

this country, ‘ 

Donations expected from England, say 


1500 

1500 

1000 

10,000 

2000 

5000 

40,000 

2500 


$82,000 


I 


9 

It is not then the amount of the debt so much as the 
manner in which it was contracted, that fills the friends of 
the cause with regret. This society feels bound in candor 
to state to the public, that there has been an extravagant and 
heedless expenditure of money in the colony ; and that the 
injudicious administration of, and the unfortunate manage- 
ment in the colony, are mainly to be attributed to the want 
of attention and efficient supervision at home ; and of estab- 
lishing and enforcing a rigid accountability on the part of 
disbursing colonial agents. An excuse for this, however, 
will be found by the friends of the cause, in the increased 
magnitude and difficulty of the undertaking, and in the 
entire inadequacy of the first organization of the society, 
for its subsequent extended operations. 

Having thus briefly, and in general terms, stated the 
causes of the misforture, the friends of colonization have 
encountered — we take pleasure in assuring the public, that 
decisive, and we hesitate not to say, effectual measures 
have been adopted, to prevent any similar occurrence. 

The friends of the cause, who attended the late Annual 
Meeting of the Parent Society, were enabled, with a most 
gratifying unanimity, and with the hearty concurrence of 
the former Managers, to effect a re-organization and es- 
tablish regulations, which will not only remove the causes 
of the present embarrassment, but place an effectual safe- 
guard against their recurrence. 

The number of the members of the Board of Managers, 
has been reduced, and its efficiency increased, by introdu- 
cing several new members of distinguished philantrophy, 
business talents and habits, and financial skill ; and by the 
appointment of an additional Secretary and a salaried 
Treasurer, both of whom are believed to possess superior 
qualifications for their stations. 

A new Colonial Governor, eminently qualified for the 
office, has been elected. 


2 


10 


The accountability of the Board to the public has been 
secured, by giving their election to the delegates from the 
Auxiliary Societies , and the Life members of the Society , and 
requiring a full statement to the annual meeting of all their 
operations and proceedings. The re-organization and 
new regulations will also ensure a rigid accountability to the 
Board, of their officers and agents in Africa, as well as in 
this country. 

A new and important principle of action is also about to 
be adopted for the future operations of the Society. — The 
Parent Board will probably hereafter wholly abstain from 
the superintendence in detail of transporting emigrants to 
the colony ; and leave to such of the auxiliary and local 
Societies, as choose to undertake it, the labor and expense 
of collecting emigrants, sending them to Africa, and provi- 
ding for them on their arrival, and until they can sustain 
themselves. 

It appears to be generally expected that the Parent Soci- 
ety will confine itself to, and find sufficient employment, in 
governing and defending the colony, enlarging its territory, 
fostering its civil, religious and literary institutions, and 
placing them on a broad and permanant basis. It will 
however, and no doubt ought to retain and exercise the 
power of controlling and regulating the auxiliary and local 
societies, in their mode of conducting emigration. It should 
certainly prevent them from sending improper emigrants, 
or in too great numbers, or at improper times, or without 
necessary provision for their comfort and health during the 
voyage, and for their prosperity and happiness after their 
arrival in Liberia. 

The Parent Society will, however judge for itself, in 
marking the lines of its future duties, and in that respect be 
regulated by wise and enlightened counsels. But by 
dividing, in the manner suggested, the labor and responsi- 
bility, and securing the active co-operation of a greater 


11 


number of devoted friends in different parts of the country, 
and at the same time, acknowledging and yielding to the 
control and direction of a wise and efficient central head to 
check all extravagant or irregular action, the business of 
colonization hereafter, we trust will be conducted with 
greater care, regularity and economy. 

In conformity with this principle of action, the Colo- 
nization Society of the city of New York, will hereafter 
itself expend in colonization, the money which shall be 
raised under its immediate auspices. To enable this Society 
to do that, the Parent Society has given us permission to 
establish a new settlement, to be called New X ork, at some 
suitable location in Liberia — and to direct all our energies 
and expend all our resources upon that object. 

In prosecuting it, we shall not endeavor to see, how 
many free persons of color we can, by our own efforts, send 
to Africa ; nor how many slaves we can emancipate. 
But our great aim will be, to promote, by all the means in 
our power, the true interests of those who may emigrate to 
our settlement, and the true interests of the pagan po- 
pulation among whom they settle. 

To this end our Colony will be founded on the following 
principles : — 

1st. The selection of such emigrants only as are mem- 
bers of the Temperance Society, and of unexceptionable 
moral character. 

2d. The settlement of them under such circumstances as 
will promote Agriculture, especially the cultivation of the 
staples of the African soil, such as Rice, Cotton, Sugar, and 
Coffee. 

3d. The adoption of a system of universal education, and 
to provide at once the means of instruction in letters and the 
useful arts of life, not only for the Colonists, but also for the 
native African, who may live in the settlement and its vi- 
cinity. 


12 


4th. The entire prohibition of the use of, and trafic in ar- 
dent spirits — except for medicinal purposes. 

In view of the facts and objects above presented, the Co- 
lonization Society of the City of New York, have adopted 
the necessary measures, to secure an efficient Board of 
Managers, and responsible and active officers and agents 
to conduct its future business and operations. The Socie- 
ty has resolved to establish a Colony, and has already an 
exploring agent employed in Africa, to examine Cape Mount, 
the site of the contemplated Colony — and if it shall be found 
an eligible position, to make the necessary arrangements for 
the reception of the pioneer emigrants. If the Society 
should be disappointed in the eligibility of this site, another 
one will be sought, and the like arrangements made. The 
Society, therefore, earnestly and respectfully invite the co- 
operation and support of their fellow-citizens, in executing 
this interesting and benevolent enterprize. They pledge 
themselves that all money and property, contributed to this 
object, shall be faithfully and economically applied. 

WILLIAM A. DUER, President. 

Ira B. Underhill, Recording Secretary * 

New York , February 17 th. 1834. 


i 


r 


COLONIZATION MEETING. 


At a public meeting of citizens friendly to the Coloniza- 
tion cause, held in the Brick Church, February 26th, i884. 

William A. Duer, (President of the City Colonization 
Society.) presided, and Ira B. Underhill acted as Secietai^ . 

Robert S. Finley (the agent of the Society ), made an in- 
teresting and instructive address, in which he gave a brief 
history of what had been done for Africa, this country, and 
the colored population ot both, by the American Coloniza- 
tion Society, a clear and satisfactory account of the present 
condition of the colony, and of the new and efficient re- 
organization of that Society, and of its cheering prospects 
for the future. All who heard him, must have been grati- 
fied to learn the great benefits, which the American Coloni- 
zation Society have confered, and are still confering on the 
human family, by persevering and successful efforts, to in- 
crease the happiness, and promote the intellectual and moral 
culture of the African race. 

He alluded, in terms of high approbation, to the interest- 
ting enterprise, which the New York City Colonization 
Society had undertaken, of planting a colony of their own, 
to be called “ New York,” on the coast of Africa ; but he 
left the exposition of their plan, to the members of the Soci- 
ety, who would follow him in addressing the meeting. 

The following resolution w r as then offered by the Rev. 
Cyrus Mason, and seconded by Thomas G. Fletcher Esq : 

Resolved , That this meeting approve of the determina- 
tion of the Colonization Society of the city of New York, to 
establish a Colony at Cape Mount, or some other suitable 
place in Western Africa, to be called New York . 

This resolution was adopted by the meeting. 


14 


The Rev. John Woodbridge D. D. then offered the fol- 
lowing resolution : 

Resolved , That this meeting highly approve of the pro- 
posed adoption of a system of universal education, in the 
new settlement to be founded in Liberia, and the providing 
at once of the means of instruction in letters, and the useful 
arts of life, not only for the colonists, but for the native 
Africans who may live in the settlement and its vicinity. 

In support of this resolution, Mr. Woodbridge made an 
animated and powerful address. It is impossible to give 
all his clear and striking views of the subject, we shall only 
attempt to give the substance of a few of them. 

He remarked that the very thought of establishing a 
colony in Liberia, with a system of universal education, was 
cheering. 

A slight allusion to what has been done in this country, 
presented a vivid picture of what might be accomplished in 
Africa, if men of the requisite qualifications would engage 
in the undertaking. What but education and a pure reli- 
gion, made the difference between civilized and savage life. 
An enterprize like the one in contemplation, was of incalcu- 
lable advantage to both hemispheres. We might light up a 
spark of intelligence in Africa, which would radiate to the 
remotest corners of that benighted continent. 

Mr. Woodbridge having finished his remarks, the Rev. 
Mr. Jackson seconded the resolution, and it was adopted 
by the meeting. 

Samuel A. Foot, Esq. then offered the following resolu- 
tion. 

Resolved , That this meeting approve the principles upon 
which the proposed new colony is to be founded, the direct 
tendency of which will be, to rear a temperate, religious, and 
agricultural community. 

Mr. Foot, in support of this resolution, proceeded to state 
the principles, upon which the Society had determined to 


15 


found the contemplated Colony, and the particulars in which 
they differed from those, which had heretofore been follow- 
ed by the Parent Society, 

First, in respect to the character of the emigrants. The 
Parent Society for many reasons had not been able always 
to exclude from Liberia, every person, who was not well 
qualified for establishing a new settlement, in a Pagan land . 
and consequently, too many persons of idle habits and loose 
principles had found their way to the Colony. And al- 
though they were not sufficiently numerous, materially to 
retard the prosperity and usefulness of the Colony, yet the 
effect of colonization in Africa would have been more be- 
nign on the surrounding population, if fewer persons of this 
description had been admitted into the Colony. This disad- 
vantage, the New York Society had resolved to overcome, 
and permit no person to enter the ir Colony , whose moral cha- 
racter teas not unquestioned and above reproach , and as far 
as they were able, they intended to procure emigrants of 
religious principles. 

Second , In respect to temperance. The Parent Society had 
not been able heretofore, to insist, as a rule, that no person 
of intemperate habits should emigrate to their Colony, nor 
enforce a prohibition against a trafic in ardent spirits. The 
importance of rigid regulations on this subject had now be- 
come important, and it was believed to be the determination 
of the General Society hereafter, to enforce strict rules in 

respect to the habits of emigrants, and the trafic in ardent 
spirits. 

But the New York Society, beginning a new settlement, 
with the advantage of the experience of the Parent Society, 
had determined not to admit an adult into it, who was not 
avowediy an advocate andpractiser of temperance . 

Third, in respect to dwellings and the provision for emi- 
grants on their arrival in Africa. 

It had been customary heretofore, to place the whole of 


16 


any company of emigrants, who should arrive in a ship, 
in a large building, to undergo their seasoning, where 
they were fed, and the sick nursed and provided with 
medical aid at the public expense, and where they were 
permitted to remain six months, before they took possession 
of their own residences. It is believed to be a decided im- 
provement on this plan, to provide each family, before their 
arrival in Africa, with a seperate residence, and allow them 
theie to attend upon each other, and it they shall require 
it, give them there such assistance as they may need. 

The colony already established in Africa is more com- 
mercial in its character, than is supposed, is most beneficial 
for the emigrants, or the neighboring population. It is 
therefore intended, and indeed, resolved upon by the New 
York Society, to give their colony a decided agricultural 
cast, and to make agriculture the controlling, and almost the 
exclusive occupation of their colonists. 

With these views, they intend to send out this spring, a 
company of pioneers to survey and mark the boundaries of 
their colony, — divide a section of it into farms of a conven- 
ient size, and erect dwellings, and make other suitable ar- 
rangements for the reception of emigrants in the fall, — pro- 
vided their plan meets the approbation of their fellow citi- 
zens, and they are furnished with means to carry it into 
execution. 

Mr. Foot presented several more outlines of the measures, 
which the Society intended to pursue, and of the benefits 
which they expected would follow them, — and particularly 
called the attention of the meeting, to the benefits which an 
agricultural, moral and religious community in Africa 
would confer upon that unhappy continent, and also on the 
more enlightened and elevated portion of the people of colour 
in this country, as it would open a field for the exertion of 
their talents, and the enjoyment, in freedom and indepen- 
dence, of the fruits of their industry. But we have not 


i 


( 


17 




room for a full statement of all the subjects to which he 

drew the attention of the meeting. 

The Rev. Cyrus Mason rose and stated, that he had not 
intended to address the meeting, but the clouds, that had 
hun£, in his mind, over colonisation in Africa, were dispelled 
by the presentation of the plan of the New York Society. 
That association had determined to put colonization on the 
true and broad basis of Christian philanthropy, and it 
ought, and would prevail. Mr. Mason remarked, that he 
should hereafter give himself heartily to the cause. The 
plan now proposed, he was well assured, would meet the 
views and wishes of the educated and Christian portion of the 
coloured population of this city. It was what they desired, 
and would no doubt receive their support. Mr. M. made a 
number of other interesting and animated remarks, which 
w erecheering to the friends of the cause. 

The resolution offered by Mr. Foot was adopted. 

The following resolution was then , offered by Silas 
Brown, and seconded by Henry S. Richards, and adopted. 

Resolv ed, That this meeting deem it the duty of every 
Christian Philanthropist to exert himself in the cause of 
African colonization, believing it to be an effective method 
of ele vating that unfortunate race, unhappily cast among 
us, and a certain and safe method of producing ultimate 
emancipation. 

Wm. W. Campbell then offered the following resolution. 

Resolved, That this meeting view with lively interest, 
the efforts now making by the Ladies of this city, for the 
institution and support of schools in Africa, both among the 
colonists and natives. 

He observed that the institution and support of schools 
in Africa, was a pure and holy cause, well worthy the efforts 
of that portion of the human family, whose peculiar duty 
and pleasure it was, to instruct and train the young for 
lives of usefulness. The lateness of the hour would prevent 


» 


18 


him from addressing the meeting on the subject of the reso* 
lotion, but he hoped it would receive the full assent of all 
present* 

The Rev. Gardiner Spring, D. D. seconded this resold 
tion — and said, that he deeply sympathized with the feelings 
and sentiments which had been expressed. He knew the 
history of the cause of colonization, — it originated in the 
best and purest motives, — there had been a mistake in the 
first planting of the colony, from a delicacy upon the subject 
of uniting Church and State. The Parent society had thought 
best to leave the religious and literary concerns of the 
colony, more to the exertion of individuals and other socie* 
ties, than its true interests demanded. But we might as 
well throw a new born infant into a mountain of snow, as 
send an ignorant and unchristianized coloured man back to 
Africa to sink again into paganism. He concurred in the 
remark of the worthy agent of the Society, that emancipa- 
tion was far ahead of Christian, moral, and intellectual cul- 
ture. We should direct our efforts to the improvement of 
our coloured population, more than we had done, and thus 
fit them for the responsible duties of colonists among the 
pagans of their colour. He hailed with joy, the plan of the 
New York Society. It met his wishes and views, and he 
had no doubt of its success. W e had a promise from on 
high, that “Ethiopia shall stretch forth her hands unto God,” 
and it would be performed. 

Wm. L. Stone Esq, then offered the following resolution, 
which was seconded by Silas Brown Esq. and adopted : 

Resolved , That after a full examination of the pro- 
ceedings of the Parent Society, its history, and theciicum- 
stances under which it is now engaged, in the noble cause, 
for which it was founded, this meeting has entire confidence 
in its character and integrity. 

W. A. DUER, Chairman ♦ 
Ira B. Underhill, Secretary. 


I 




t 

♦ 


REMARKS. 


By the address of the Society, and the proceedings of the 
meeting, which are above presented, the public will see the 
true character of the plan of the New York Colonization So- 
ciety. It is not supposed to be entirely free from imperfec- 
tions, but it is believed to approach as near a perfect system of 
colonization in Africa, as the nature of the subject will admit. 
It aims at the temporal and eternal happiness, not only of the 
emigrants, but of the pagans among whom they are to go. 
The Society earnestly hope their efforts will meet the ap- 
probation of the friends of Christian philanthropy f and receive 
their united aid in carrying the plan into execution. 

WILLIAM L. STONE, 

WILLIAM H. CAMPBELL, 

THOMAS G. FLETCHER, 

New York , February 2Gth 1834. 


Executive 
Committ ee . 




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